A Practical Guide for Indian Companies
As businesses in India navigate ever-evolving tax and regulatory frameworks, one common thread I see across industries β from startups to large corporate β is this:
π Many companies are unknowingly leaving money on the table β in the form of missed tax deductions, underclaimed export incentives, and avoidable compliance errors.
Hereβs a practical guide to some of the most common βmissed-outβ benefits under Indian tax laws, GST, Provident Fund, and Export Incentive schemes. If youβre a business owner, CFO, or tax professional β this might just help you save real money.
π 1οΈβ£ Income Tax Deductions Often Forgotten
β Section 80JJAA β A powerful deduction for creating new employment: You can claim an extra 30% deduction on wages of new employees hired (above a threshold) for 3 years. Yet many companies forget to file Form 10DA or donβt maintain required records β deduction lost.
β Scientific Research Deductions (Section 35): You can claim 150% or even 100% deductions for in-house R&D, approved donations to scientific institutions, and capital spend on research. Often not claimed due to lack of DSIR approvals or misclassification of R&D costs.
β Section 10AA β SEZ Units: A phased tax holiday on export profits of SEZ units β 100%, 50%, and 50% (subject to reinvestment). Missed if you fail to maintain separate books or delay export realization.
β Section 35AD β 100% capital deduction: Specified businesses (cold chain, warehousing, hotels, hospitals, infrastructure) can deduct 100% of capital investment. Ignored by companies defaulting to normal depreciation.
β Timing under Section 43B: PF/ESI, GST, interest β if not paid on time, deduction is lost or delayed. The Supreme Court now strictly disallows late employee PF/ESI payments β an expensive compliance mistake.
π‘ 2οΈβ£ Provident Fund (PF), ESIC & Payroll Lapses
β Misclassification of employees: Classifying regular employees as consultants to avoid PF/ESI backfires β when corrected, delayed payments lose tax benefit.
β Late PF/ESI deposits: Even a 1-day delay on employee contributions = permanent disallowance. Timely compliance is key to protecting deductions.
β Missed NPS benefits: Employer contributions to NPS (10% of salary) are fully deductible β many companies miss this opportunity to enhance employee benefits and save tax.
β Voluntary PF for small firms: Firms below 20 employees can opt for voluntary PF registration β missed by many startups and SMEs.
π° 3οΈβ£ GST β Input Tax Credits and Compliance Misses
β Capital goods ITC missed: Many businesses forget to claim input tax credit on capital machinery β leaving large sums unutilized.
β Input credit on office expenses: GST paid on rent, travel, marketing β perfectly creditable if for business use. Frequently missed due to poor documentation.
β Reverse charge mechanism errors: Import of services, legal fees, certain freight charges β you must pay GST under RCM and claim input credit. Many firms either miss the payment or forget to claim the credit.
β Blocked credit confusion: Certain βblockedβ credits (vehicles, food, club memberships) are allowed if specific exceptions apply. Too often, companies take a conservative approach and forgo valid credits.
β LUT filing for exports: Exporters who forget to file an LUT have to unnecessarily pay IGST and then claim refunds β tying up working capital.
π A mindset point: GST input credit is as good as cash. Many companies still donβt treat their GST Input Ledger with the same attention and reconciliation discipline as they treat their bank account β but they should! An unreconciled GST credit is locked working capital and a real cash loss if deadlines pass or documentation is incomplete.
π 4οΈβ£ Export Incentives β The Most Underrated Area
β Duty Drawback: Refund of import duties on exported goods β unclaimed by many due to lack of process.
β RoDTEP: The current export rebate scheme β many miss claiming it simply by not ticking the right box in the shipping bill.
β MEIS/SEIS (older schemes): Thousands of exporters missed out due to late filing or lack of awareness.
β Advance Authorization: Duty-free import of inputs for export production β underused by SMEs who incorrectly assume itβs βcomplex.β
β EPCG: Zero-duty import of capital goods against export obligation β frequently underutilized or compliance obligations missed.
π‘ Final Thought: Why Does This Happen?
In my experience, these benefits are legally available β but the reasons they get missed are surprisingly simple:
πΉ Lack of awareness πΉ Poor internal processes πΉ Inadequate documentation πΉ Fear of compliance complexity πΉ βWeβve always done it this wayβ mindset
The result? Lost deductions, higher tax outflows, lower margins.
π What Can You Do?
β Conduct a tax and compliance health-check β internally or with an advisor β Review Section 80JJAA, R&D deductions, SEZ benefits β Audit your GST credit utilization β with as much discipline as you reconcile your bank accounts β Revisit your export incentive filings β even for past years β Tighten payroll compliance for PF/ESI/NPS β Implement an RCM checklist for services and imports
β Want to Explore This Further?
A more detailed article for each section above is available on personal request. Feel free to contact us if youβd like a deep dive into any specific matter, or for a customized review for your company.
βοΈ Disclaimer:
This article is intended for general informational purposes only and does not constitute professional tax, legal, or compliance advice. Each business situation is unique β please consult your tax advisors or legal counsel for advice tailored to your specific circumstances.
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